Differences between Screening and Surveillance !

Although they look similar, there are multiple differences between Screening and Surveillance.

                          SCREENING                         SURVEILLANCE
Screening is the active search or process of detection for disease or disorders among apparently healthy people. Surveillance is the systematic, ongoing and analytic process of monitoring to scrutinize disease condition.
Employs in average risk populations to stratify into higher and lower risk of disease The ongoing follow up of patients at increased risk of disease.
It is a test done for infection or disease in a population or individual who are not seeking health care. It is the monitoring done for any disease condition to find out about the prevention and control measures.
Based upon one criterion or cut off point Based upon the findings of clinical reports mainly.
Not a basis for the treatment A basis to refer to certain treatment or interventions.
The initiative comes from the investigator or agency providing care. The initiative comes from policy makers, managers, epidemiologists, etc.
Gives a better idea of progress of disease from sub clinical or covered to clinical or overt. Gives a better idea for the prevention and control of diseases
It is a part of secondary prevention It is a part of primary and tertiary prevention.
Has mass screening that indicates large- screening of whole population groups. Active surveillance has special searches for cases limited to specific disease in intervals of time.
Selective screening refers to selected high risk groups in a population. Passive surveillance is for mainly long term secular trends at one time.
Multiple screening refers to combination of the mass and selective screening. Sentinel surveillance helps identify rapidly changing health condition of a specified disease at a certain time.
Used for Case detection, control of disease, research, etc. Used for mainly prevention and control.
Examples of screening tests include mammography for breast cancer, pre-natal amniocentesis for detecting congenital malformations, or psychological tests to identify early signs of cognitive decline. Examples of surveillance includes Surveillance of communicable disease, Non communicable disease, Influenza, HIV/AIDS in Thailand, etc.

References and for more information:

https://www.slideshare.net/ESOSLIDES/endoscopy-in-gastrointestinal-oncology-slide-15-d-fisher-colorectal-cancer-screening

http://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/screening_e.htm

https://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Health_screening_and_surveillance

https://www.ucl.ac.uk/child-health/research/population-policy-and-practice/research/research-themes/screening-and-surveillance

http://err.ersjournals.com/content/21/124/105

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/medicalsurveillance/screening.html

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/medicalsurveillance/

Park. Park’s Textbook of preventive and social medicine. Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers. 23rd Edition 2013

Karki, Paudel, Shah, Jha, Basel. A Textbook of Epidemiology. Makalu Publication House. 1st Edition 2014.

https://www.chooseoccupationalhealth.co.uk/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-health-surveillance-and-health-screening/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajim.4700260303

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/CA.2007.0018

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166071

https://www.gastro.org/news/colonoscopy-screening-or-surveillance

http://www.hse.gov.uk/health-surveillance/index.htm

https://www.cancerwa.asn.au/resources/2014-07-07-GP-Screening-Card.pdf

 

 

About Kusum Wagle 214 Articles
Hello and greetings everyone! I am Kusum Wagle, MPH, WHO-TDR Scholar, BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, Bangladesh. I have gained profound experiences in public health sector under different thematic areas of health, nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, maternal and newborn health, research etc., targeting diverse audience of different age groups. I have performed diverse roles ranging from lecturer in the public health department of colleges, nutrition coordinator, research coordinator and consultant, in different programs, projects and academic institutions of Nepal. I also hold immense experience in working closely and persistently with government organizations, non-government organizations, UN agencies, CSOs and other stakeholders at the national and sub-national level. I have successfully led and coordinated different projects involving multi-sector participation and engagement. Moreover, I am also regularly involved in the development of different national health related programs and its guidelines.