Differences between Screening and Surveillance !

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Although they look similar, there are multiple differences between Screening and Surveillance.

SCREENING	SURVEILLANCE
Screening is the active search or process of detection for disease or disorders among apparently healthy people.	Surveillance is the systematic, ongoing and analytic process of monitoring to scrutinize disease condition.
Employs in average risk populations to stratify into higher and lower risk of disease	The ongoing follow up of patients at increased risk of disease.
It is a test done for infection or disease in a population or individual who are not seeking health care.	It is the monitoring done for any disease condition to find out about the prevention and control measures.
Based upon one criterion or cut off point	Based upon the findings of clinical reports mainly.
Not a basis for the treatment	A basis to refer to certain treatment or interventions.
The initiative comes from the investigator or agency providing care.	The initiative comes from policy makers, managers, epidemiologists, etc.
Gives a better idea of progress of disease from sub clinical or covered to clinical or overt.	Gives a better idea for the prevention and control of diseases
It is a part of secondary prevention	It is a part of primary and tertiary prevention.
Has mass screening that indicates large- screening of whole population groups.	Active surveillance has special searches for cases limited to specific disease in intervals of time.
Selective screening refers to selected high risk groups in a population.	Passive surveillance is for mainly long term secular trends at one time.
Multiple screening refers to combination of the mass and selective screening.	Sentinel surveillance helps identify rapidly changing health condition of a specified disease at a certain time.
Used for Case detection, control of disease, research, etc.	Used for mainly prevention and control.
Examples of screening tests include mammography for breast cancer, pre-natal amniocentesis for detecting congenital malformations, or psychological tests to identify early signs of cognitive decline.	Examples of surveillance includes Surveillance of communicable disease, Non communicable disease, Influenza, HIV/AIDS in Thailand, etc.